MILITARISMO E SINISTRA che « il movimento operaio non e piu destinatario ma protagonista attivo dell'organizzazione dello stato » (36). Il neomilitarismo italiano si avvale quindi di alleati diversi da quelli del militarismo di vecchio stampo: esso si e radicato proprio fra le organizzazioni di controllo dei lavoratori subordinati, i suoi strumenti di dominio sono piu raffinati e diffusi, la sua efficienza in quanto forma militare dell'integrazione autoritaria e migliorata: tutto cio ne fa un fondamentale pilastro del sistema statale di oggi e ancor piu dell'immediato futuro. SUMMARY The author's essential purpose in this article is to trace the evolution in the relationships between the Italian state's military apparatus, whose importance in the contemporary history of the peninsular has commonly been underestimated, and the PCI (Italian Communist Party) that political force which, after a thirty-year hiatus, is returning to government explicitly and in a big way. What is the implication of this change in the political make-up of an institution reconstructed after 1945 under the directions of the Western States and with the declared aim, particularly after the 1949 Atlantic Pact, of presenting an obstacle to, a « bulwark » against, the Communism of the Eastern bloc and the Italian version? Up to the end of tha 1960s the highly bureaucratized military apparatus maintained a « right-wing » political disposition, despite centre-leftist governments, but for several years the situation has been changing appreciably. The dull, sleepy ambiance of the barracks was shattered in 1969/70 in the wake of agitation by conscripts, basically of a democratic-reformist character, but which also led to acts of insubordination and to anti-militarism. The monster apparatus (almost 800,000 employees taking into account the various police forces) absorbed the shock not only by means of the traditional repression, but also by allowing some adjustments in juridical practice and by changes of attitude among the hierarchy. Within the permanent cadres, including the sub-officials of a relatively radical tendency and the officials with prevalently more legalistic attitudes, urging and goading from both the extraparliamentary and the parliamentary Left, whose initiatives in this instance were convergent, gave rise to « democratic movements ». ls this new political presence which is absolutely unprecedented for the Italian armed forces, at least connected with the demands of the categories of professional soldiers? Does it perhaps represent the political aspect of a professional attempt to update the apparatus, to slim (36) Si veda G. NEPPI MODONA, Ordine pubblico: perche muta il ruolo della sinistra, in « Rinascita », 15 luglio 1977, p. 8. 97
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