NINO STAFFA 3.b Owners of capita! sufficient to own their own houses and renting 4. Those who must rent This model postulates, forthermore, that a person who in a provincial town is a « small landlord » could very well become someone who « must rent » if he/she moved to Inner London. The choice of « capital » as the crucial differentiating factor leads Pahl to formulate an access model which places the main emphasis on ownership of large blocks of land and property. In earlier work, Pahl elaborated on the work of Rex and Moore and formulated an « access model » based on an institutional and Constraint orientated approach. « Stating that "the socia! structure is the key to the spatial structure" a basic conflict model is adopted: "the built environ. ment is the result of conflicts, in the past and present, between those with different degrees of power in society ... as the balance of power changes and ideologies rise and fall, so the built environment is affected. It is a continuing situation, with the past constraining the present and together binding and limiting the future", and, further, "the urban system dominates some and is manipulated by others" » (34). He argued, furthermore, that « accessibility structures » are developed in society through which resources (in this case housing) are allocated and that the « accessibility structures » are dependent on those who contrai this access. He calls these controllers « the managers » and « socia} gatekeepers » of the urban system. Pahl's formulation of « accessibility structures » has been criticised on the grounds that the « socia! gatekeepers » are merely intermediaries far faceless civil servants who are in turn serving « the capitalist system ». « Indeed as the persistent concentration of ownership, first of the land, then of all the means of production, was built into a system and a state, with many kinds of politica! and cultura! meditation, it was easy far the perception to diminish though the fact was increasing. Many modern ruralists, many urban conservationists, see "the state" or "the planners" as their essential enemy, when it is quite evident that what the state is administering and the planners serving is an economie system which is capitalist in ali its main intentions, procedures (34) D.C. MC CULLOCH, op. cit., p. 28. 34
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