JOHAN GALTUNG national and sometimes super-national (Nordic countries, Grupo Andino, etc.) - and SR being a psycho-political ln addition to a socio-economic category old cultural borders, ethnie groupings and so on will play considerable role. Since the "integratlon" of ethnie minorities (that sometimes add up to majoritles) during state formation is a part of the general center-periphery syndrome the idea of self-reliance should also be considered in the context of the striving for increased autonomy by such groups - and there are many of them around the world. Finally, one major consideration: self-reliance as an economic doctrine is a system in search of a technology. By "technology", then, we simply mean the material components that enter- the economic cycle, particularly the technologies of extraction, production and consumption (but today one might also include the technologies of anti-pollution and recycling ln general). Self-reliance introduces severe constraints on the choice of technologies. Thus, ideally they should - be generated locally - be compatible with local social structures - be compatible with local culture - make optimal use of local factors - be compatible with the idea of local ecological balance - deliver the goods, for the satisfaction of basic needs. This may look like an overdetermination of the system, but then it has to be remembered that the idea of self-reliance presupposes that no system is closed in the sense that basic parameters will remaln the way they are under present conditions. On the contrary, it is assumed that self-reliance will generate forces, particularly creativity, that will serve as major Inputs to the units. Whether, or under which circumstances that hypothesis is valid, then, becomes a major task for the practice and theory of development in the future. 70
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