2) Se11sitivity lo the proble111 was also strong because of the i11tensificatio11 of the VietNa111 11·ar. In fact Japan served as a supply base and Oki11a1va was 11sedas a base for American bombers raiding VietNam. 3) The struggles developed in spite of the traditional left which showed 110 inclination 1vlzatsoever seriously to oppose the treaty. 4) An i111portant ele111e111vas the disatisf action of students with authoritaria11is111, 1vith the bureaucracy of the administration and the boredom of the courses. The driving forces of Jhe struggle therefore were: in the first place, politics, and then the University. Altlwugh the radical character of the 1nove111entis striking, it has to be notecl Illat the positive results were small. The Japan-USA treaty was passed, J/ze state was 1101put in crisis and the University did not cltange. The causes: polilical stability, economic prosperity, weakness of the move111ent. The weakness derived from the fact that links with popular feeling were very weak despite the fact ,thal popular feeling Ivas quite strong as far as the trealy •and Jhe Vie/Nam war were concerned. To the workers the stuclent movement was an alien phenomenon which they i(the workers) watched 011TV. Moreover, the factions, the sects 1vhich led the 111ovement (trotskysts, maoists, leftwing socialists) were qualitative/y and quantitative/y incapable of proposin,; a revolutionary goal. Their theories were nothing but pretexts to 1ustify conclusions they had already drawn. Another oause was the hatred springing f rom dogmatis111. Every militant had his dogmas and hatecl everyone who dissented /rom ltim. Hatred for indifferent students, for workers wlto did 1101rise up, for the traditional left {communist party, socialist party). The hatred broke out in fratricidal struggles between the sects engaged in the struggle. ln the end the aider generations sa1v the actions of the 111ove111entas a diverting and µleasing pastime. During the last rising phase of the movement, towards the end a/ 1969, the 0I1e thing of note was the participation, especially in the Universities of Nippon and Tokyo, of many individuals, not under any political contrai, who attempted to pursue the fundamenlal objectives of Jhe slruggle. They 111erecalled « non-sectarian Radica/s » and they made up tlte Zenkyo/o (Com111ittee of struggle common Lo ail lhe Universities). They did 1101 have a fixed leadership nor a line of action decided in adva11ce. They disappeared at almost the saine lime as asphyxia s11ffocated tlte movement. Only the secls survived. But something of Jhe 11011-sec/aria,1Radicals /Jas remained. They started to give an answer to the great question: how do we free/y construct a free socie1y? RIASSUNTO E' negli mrni 67-69 clie il Movillle1110 Stude11tesco giappo11ese assume w1'i111porta11zasenza precede111i. Per aiutare il let/ore nella co111prensio11edel fenomeno sludentesco, la prima parle del/'articolo è interamente cronologica. Parte dal gen11aio '67 coI1 la prima grande asse111bleaall'u11iversità di Tokio e con la dichiarazione di w10 sciopero ad oltranza volto ad ottenere un nuovo 28
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