DAVE MANSEiLL and replaced it with a virulent anti-catholicism which had always been a component of its make-up. It soon collasped back into the Official Order. NATIONALISM + GATHOLIOISM + SYNDACALISM = ... ? . ·.,,·;:;_. ► Whilst the basic divisions in the community were reasserting themselves in Ulster, a separatist nationalist movement in opposition to the parliamentary gradualism of the Irish parliamentary party was putting down fresh roots in the South. Gaelic sports and language associations had been in existence for decades but their influence over the years was now bearing the fruit of a generation which believed in the existence of a separate Irish culture which could only be fully realized in an Ireland more independent of Britain than the Home Rule schemes pursued by the Irish parliamentary party envisaged. In the fi.eld of economic thought this fresh nationalist influence was paralleled by that of Arthur Griffith, who developed Parnell's idea that a native Irish capitalism could take off, from a base of small industrialists and farmers, only by a complete separation from the competition of British manufacturing. To achieve independence Griffith advocated withdrawhal of the Irish parliamentary representatives from Westminster and the establishment of a separate Irish Council to administer the country. This idea of his was to be taken up by the Sinn Fein representatives in 1918, when it did, in fact, precipitate de facto independence for the South of Ireland from British rule. The organizations described in the two preceding paragraphs were all infiltrated by members of the more "purist" nationalist organization, the I.R.B. (Irish Republican Brotherhood) which contained the survivors of the Fenian movement, and was devoted above all to the abrupt breaking of British power in Ireland. At first the inrfiltration was a result of the organizational feebleness of the I.R.B. at the start of the century when it was a mere skeleton organization mainly supported by donations from its American sister organization, the Clan na Gael. After 1907, however, the Brotherhood was reinforced by the return of majar figures from America and the recruitment of new young members. Although the burgeoning Irish-based trades union movement was not specifically irnfiltrated by the I.R.B., the majority of its membership accepted nationalism and catholicism as a 44
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