connus comme « autonomes », ,qui font des actions de commandos contre la police. C'est ceux que l'on peut considérer comme l'expression « extrémiste » d'une •« nouvelle opposition », qui va en se développant parmi les jeunes émarginés, parmi les étudiants sans perspectives d'emploi, et meme '(bien qu'en ton mineur) a l'intérieur de certaines de travaiUeurs, c'est a idire des catégories sociales qui plus ont souffert de la crise économique toujours en cours. Cette nouvelle opposition, bien que se présentant con.fuse du point de vue idéologique, manifeste d'intéressants traits libertaires et elle n'est pas contrólée, de toute fa~on, par ·les partís 1de la gauche traditionnelle. Apres avoir considéré le rapprochement, lent mais progressif entre la Démocratie Chrét.ienne et le Parti Communiste, l'auteur examine la situation ·du Mouvement Anarchiste, dont il met en évidence la croissance quantitative, mais aussi Ja 1 diff iculté a s'insérer profondément dans le conflits sociaux en cours. On reconnaít toutefois l'effort des militants anarchistes pour surmonter ces obstacles, la tentative de constituer une alternative révolutionnaire et constructive entre le suicide inévitable des groupes favorables a la lutte armée, et le néo-réformisme de ceux qui la refusent. SUMMARY During the past two years, the situation in ltaly has been marked by an escalation in political violence so much so that sorne foreign observers have been let to believe that the country is on the verge of civil war. In fact, the seriousness of the situation has been over dramatized (or conflicting reasons) both by the proponents of armed struggle and by the protectors of public arder: the former hope to accelerate the revolutionary process, the latter are intent on using every « conflict » far ,repressive purposes. The. main underground organizations involved in the armed struggle agamst the state are nowaday the Brigate Rosse (BR - Red Brigades) and Nuclei Armati Proletari (NAP . Proletarian Armed Nuclei) both of which are of a marxistleninist ideological orientation but diff er from each other in the milieu of reoruitment and in their area o action. The author attempts to analyse the strategy of these organizations which he believes will eventualy •lead to failure both f rom a politically authoritarian point of view and from a social libertarían prospective. Besides that of the urban guerrilla, the demonstrations in the streets also contain political violence carried out by groups of young people known as the « autonomia » who take part in commands-style raids against the police often with the use of fire arms. All this can be regarded as an « extremist » expression of a new form of dissent which has been devoloping amongst the students and even (if only of lesser relevance) amongst severa/ categories of manual workers that are amongst the social categories most aff ected by the current economic crisis. This new dissent althought appearing to be extremely conf used 32
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