,, Headquarters in Lublin. Its chairman Was M. Edward OsubkaJI/Iorawski, who, prior to the war, had been a member of the PPS. During tbe war, however, he left the Party and joined a 'newly arisen tiny group, constituted in 1943 and bearing the name of the Polish Socialist Workers' Party (RPPS), the remnants of which. after a numbrr of splits, took on the characte'r of an affiliate to the Polish Workers' Party (PPR), the new name for the Communist Party of ·Poland. Here it must be stressed that the Polish Communists are not only afraid of'using their old name (the Communist Party cf Polan(I.-KPP) and prefer to 'emphasize again and again that the Polish Workers' Party created at the end of 1941, has little in common w_ith the old KPP (dissolved in 1937), but, what is more, they are anxious to avoid the impression of a oneparty rule in Poland- To achieve this, it was necessary for them, 1·ight from the beginning, to have at their disposal a set of ' pse11'do-Parties, which, although bearing different names, would be C.ommunist-eontrolled. To this end, while creating their new puppet Parties, they gave them the names of old and gene- 1 rally •known Polish political Parties. Thus JI/Ir.Osubka-Morawski suddenly emerged in his self-styled capacity of the Chairman of the ·Cent'ral Executive ·Committee of the PPS, while the Lublin Committee was supposed to be based on the support of four parties bearing the names oJ the Polish Workers', Polish Socialist, Peasant and [)'emocratic Parties. Of these, only the Polish Workers' Party (Communists) was real, although with Yery little support within the nation. The other three were usurpers, with real parties bearing the respective names still mgaged in the underground struggle in German-occupied Poland and helpless to combat the usurpation . .Contrary to all normal procedure, the organis.ation of tlle fake PPS was effected in a curious way, beginning with the creation of the self-made supreme authorities, and then proceding downwards to local branches. In Lublin, controlled by the Red Army, the selfstyied PPS started the publication of a daily paper bearing the name of the "Robotnik" (the main organ of the real PPS), - while the authentic i,Robotnik" continued to appear in Warsaw right up to the end of the Warsaw Uprising. On September 10th and 11th, 1944, the fak~ PPS organised an allegedly national conference in Lublin, which they called the Twenty-Fifth Congress of the PPS. It must be emphasized that this \allegedly "national" conference, was held at a time when 1he whole of Poland to th~ West of the Vistula was still under German occupation, and with not one member of the authentic Central Executive Committee of the Supreme Council of the Party, and not one Socialist member of the former Polish Parliaments present, and in violation of all the statutory rules of the real Party. A conference, convened in such a way, elected, the supreme authorities of the fake Party, which, anyhow, had begun to function as such on their own initiative and long before even that conference. It m.ay perhaps be noted that these rupreme authorities included several people whom the Red BibllotecaGino Bianco
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