A.B.C. OF ANARCHISM detected in due time and which results in greater harm to machinery and produce than direct refusal to work. In spite of the most drastic measures against this kind of sabotage, in spite even of the death penalty, the government was powerless to oyercome the evil. The placing of a Bolshevik, of a political co~nussar, over every technician in the more responsible positions did not help matters. It merely created a legion of parasitic officials who, ignora?t of indu.strial matters, only interfered with ~e w~rk of th?~e ~nen~ly to the Revolution an<l willing to aid, while their unfamihanty with the task in no way prevented continued sab~tage. The system ~f forced labour finally developed in what practically became economic counter-revolution, and no efforts of the dictatorship could alter the situation. It. was this that caused the Bolsheviki to change from compulsory labour to a policy of winning over the specialists and technicians by returning them to authority in the industries and rewardin.g them with high pay and special emoluments. It would be stupid and criminal-to try again the methods which have so signally failed in the Russian Revolution and which, by their very character, are bound to fail every time, both industriallY, and morally. The only solution of this problem is the already suggestedpreparation and training of the workers in the art of organising and managing industry, as well as closer contact between the manual and technical men, Every factory, mine, and mill should have its special workers' council, separate from and independent of the shop committee, for the purpose of familiarising the workers witl:i the variou,s phases of their particular industry, including the sources of raw material, the consecutive processes of manufacture, by-products, and manner of distribution. This industrial council should be permanent, but its membership must rotate in such a manner as to take in practically all the employees of a given factory or mill. To illustrate : suppose the industrial council in a certain establishment consists of five members or -of twenty-five, as the case may be, according to the complexity of the industry and the size of the particular factory. The members of the council, after having thoroughly acquainted themselves with their industry, publish what they had learned for the information of their fellow-workers, and new council members are chosen to continue the industrial studies. In this manner the whole factory or mill can consecutively -~cquire the necessary knowledge about the organisation and management of their trade and keep step with its development. These councils would serve _asindustrial colleges where the workers would become familiar with thti technique of their in~ustry in all its phases. 76 Biblioteca G'ro Bianco
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